Scale and Skill in Mutual Fund Management: Evidence from Norway
- 1,357views
- 1,049downloads
Abstract
Using a sample free of survivorship bias and several risk-adjusted performance benchmarks to identify effects of scale on mutual fund performance in the Norwegian market, I find mixed evidence that both large and small funds underperform as against the middle-sized funds in the period 2005-2018. Controlling for relevant factors in panel data regressions, I find that, on average, performance worsens with an increase in size while giving support to initial findings of nonlinearity. The relationship is most robust after 2013 and seems to be affected by competition in the market as well as fund inflows. I do not find any empirical evidence to support the liquidity hypothesis.
Keywords
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Markus Snøve Høiberg

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Reads, last 12 months
2025-122026-11
Article history
- ReceivedApril 2, 2020
- AcceptedMay 20, 2020
- Published June 1, 2020
References
Bank, N. (2019, February 1). Norges-Bank.no. Retrieved from https://www.norges-bank.no/en/Statistics/Historical-monetary-statistics/Short-term-interest-rates/
Børs, O. (2018, February 1). Statistikk. Retrieved from https://www.oslobors.no/Oslo-Boers/Statistikk
Carhart, M. M. (1997). On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance. The Journal of Finance, 52(1), 57-82. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb03808.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb03808.x CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chen, H.-l., & Pennacchi, G. G. (2009). Does prior performance affect a mutual fund’s choice of risk? Theory and further empirical evidence. Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis, 44(4), 745-775. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S002210900999010X CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J., Hong, H., Huang, M., & Kubik, J. D. (2004). Does Fund Size Erode Mutual Fund Performance? The Role of Liquidity and Organization. The American Economic Review, 94(5), 1276-1302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828043052277 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
DNB. (2019, March 09). Vi har satt ned prisene på de fleste av våre fond. Retrieved from https://www.dnb.no/privat/sparing-og-investering/fond/ny-prismodell.html
EuropeanParliament. (2014). Council of the European Union. (2014). Directive COD 2012/0168, EEA relevance, Com 2012/0350. https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?reference=2012/0168%28COD%29&l=en.
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1993). Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial Economics, 33(1), 3-56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(93)90023-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(93)90023-5 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2010). Luck versus Skill in the Cross-Section of Mutual Fund Returns. The Journal of Finance, 65(5), 1915-1947. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01598.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01598.x CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2015). A five-factor asset pricing model. Journal of Financial Economics, 116(1), 1-22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.10.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.10.010 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2017). International tests of a five-factor asset pricing model. Journal of Financial Economics, 123(3), 441-463. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.11.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.11.004 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, D., Saxena, K., & Xu, J. (2020). Is the active fund management industry concentrated enough? Journal of Financial Economics, 136(1), 23-43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.08.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.08.009 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, M. A., Keswani, A., Miguel, A. F., Ramos, S. B. J. J. o. B., & Finance. (2012). The flow-performance relationship around the world. 36(6), 1759-1780. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.01.019 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gruber, M. J. (1996). Another Puzzle: The Growth in Actively Managed Mutual Funds. The Journal of Finance, 51(3), 783-810. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1996.tb02707.x CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Indro, D. C., Jiang, C. X., Hu, M. Y., & Lee, W. Y. (1999). Mutual Fund Performance: Does Fund Size Matter? Financial Analysts Journal, 55(3), 74-87. doi:10.2469/faj.v55.n3.2274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v55.n3.2274 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, M. C. (1968). The Performance of Mutual Funds in the period 1945-1964. The Journal of Finance, 23(2), 389-419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00815.x CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pástor, Ľ., Stambaugh, R. F., & Taylor, L. A. (2015). Scale and skill in active management. Journal of Financial Economics, 116(1), 23-45. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.11.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.11.008 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Perold, A. F., & Robert S. Salomon, Jr. (1991). The Right Amount of Assets under Management. Financial Analysts Journal, 47(3), 31-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v47.n3.31 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ross, S. A. (1976). The arbitrage theory of capital asset pricing. Journal of Economic Theory, 13(3), 341-360. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531(76)90046-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531(76)90046-6 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika Vol. 52, No.3/4, 591-611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/52.3-4.591 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sharpe, W. F. (1964). CAPITAL ASSET PRICES: A THEORY OF MARKET EQUILIBRIUM UNDER CONDITIONS OF RISK*. The Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425-442. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1964.tb02865.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1964.tb02865.x CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Treynor, J. L. (1962). Toward a Theory of Market Value of Risky Assets. doi:Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=628187 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.628187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.628187 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Treynor, J. L., & Black, F. (1973). How to Use Security Analysis to Improve Portfolio Selection. Journal of Business, 46, 66-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/295508 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
VFF. (2018). Historikk Totalmarkedet (2005-2018). Retrieved from
Yan, X. S. J. J. o. F., & Analysis, Q. (2008). Liquidity, investment style, and the relation between fund size and fund performance. 43(3), 741-767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109000004270 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Similar articles
Chosen by the keywords and the section they share with this article.
Green Human Capital and Firms’ Sustainable Performance
Md. Johirul Islam, Raemah Abdullah Hashim, Sazali Abd Wahab
06-09-2025 10.33215/scanh388 Read
The Green Dilemma: When Environmental Good Depletes Financial Good in Emerging Economies
Mubanga Lackson Chipimo, Prof. John Bwalya, Prof. Joseph Katongo Kanyanga
04-09-2025 10.33215/hbkg0g37 Read
A Meta-Analytic Review of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance
Rennie Bakashaba, Dedrix Stephenson Bindeeba
03-08-2025 10.33215/vsfxpv34 Read

